Book Title:
Crime against women in the contemporary India
Keywords:
skyrocketed, Violence against women, women's freedom, violence and sexual assault, social environment, dowry killings, female infanticide, forced child marriage, sexual harassmentSynopsis
The crime rate against women in India has skyrocketed over the past several decades. Violence against women takes many forms, including rape, dowry killings, female infanticide, forced child marriage, kidnapping, and acid throwing. Despite progress, women are still frequently the targets of violent crimes. There is no place for women to feel secure, neither in their homes nor in the streets. Every day, women are victims of violence ranging from sexual harassment to homicide. However, only a tiny fraction of incidents get recorded, and even a smaller fraction of those accused actually face consequences.
Violence against women is constantly enmeshed in a social environment rife with uneven power and privilege, and these crimes are both the subject and background of the law. Everywhere in the globe, millions of women from all walks of life and levels of education are impacted by violence against women. It transcends traditions and beliefs to limit women's freedom and agency. As horrifying as it is, violence against women may manifest in a wide range of settings, from intimate partner violence and sexual assault to forced marriage and infanticide.
Chapters
References
Bharadwaj, A. (2014), “Is poverty the mother of crime? Empirical Evidence of the impact of socioeconomic factors on crime in India”, Atlantic Review of Economics Volume- 1, 2014.
Bhatt, S. C. and Pant, D. (2011), “Study of Indian Banks Websites for Cyber Crime Safety Mechanism”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol. 2, No.10, 2011. www.ijacsa.thesai.org
Braithwaite, J. (1975), “Population Growth and Crime”, Aust. & N.Z. Journal of Criminology, March 1975), anj.sagepub.com
Chaudhary, S. (2013), “Domestic violence in India”, Journal of Indian Research, Vol. No.2 (April-June), pp-146-152, 2013.
D'Costa, B. (2013), “War Crimes, Justice and the Politics of Memory”, Economic and Political Weekly, India, Vol XLVIII, No. 12, March 23, 2013, (bina.dcosta@graduateinstitute.ch)
Desai, B. (2013), “The Crime of Cruel and Unusual Punishment in the US”, Economic & Political Weekly, 21st December 2013, vol –xlviii, no 51, (bindutde@gmail.com)
Drèze, J. and Khera, R. (2000), “Crime, Gender, and Society in India: Insights from Homicide Data”, Population and Development Review, Vol. 26, No. 2 (June 2000), pp. 335-352, http://www.jstor.org/stable/172520.
Dutta, A. and Satija, S. (2015), “Analysis of Secondary and Empirical Data Crime”, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 50, Issue No. 9, 28 Feb, 2015.
Dutta, M. And Zakir, H. (2009), “Determinants of crime rates: Crime Deterrence and Growth in Post-liberalized India”, Institute of Development Studies, Economics Department, Presidency College, Calcutta, MPRA Paper No.14478. 6th April 2009.
Kaur. S.T. and Singh, W. (2017), “Systematic Review of Crime Data Mining”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, Volume 8, No. 5, May-June 2017
Kumar, S. and Kumar, U. (2015), “Present scenario of cybercrime in INDIA and its preventions”, International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, April-2015 1971 ISSN 2229-5518.
Kumar, S. and Uday, K. (2015), “Present scenario of cybercrime in India and its preventions” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research", Volume 6, Issue 4, April-2015.
Kumar, S. (2013), “Crime and Economic Growth: Evidence from India”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Department of Business Economics, University of Delhi. August 2, 2013. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/48794
Lochner, L. and Moretti, E. (2004), “The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports”, American Economic Review 94, 155-80.
Malby, S. and Philip, D. (2015), “Monitoring the Impact of Economic Crisis on Crime”, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, 2010.
Malik, A. A. (2016), “Urbanization and Crime: A Relational Analysis”, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Volume 21, Issue 1, Ver. IV (Jan. 2016) PP 68-74 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org
Muloka, D., Kogidb, M., Lilyc, J. and Asid, R. (2016), “The Relationship between Crime and Economic Growth in Malaysia: Re-Examine Using Bound Test Approach”, Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics Vol. 3, No. 1, 2016, 15 – 26 ISSN 2289-6856 (Print), 2289-8018 (Online)
Mukherjee, C., Krishnaji, N. and Rustogi, P. (2001). “Crimes against Women in India: Analysis of Official Statistics”, Economic and political weekly, vol-36, issue no-43, January 2001, ISSN- :4070-4080.
Nagarajan, G. and Sheriff, J. K. (2012), “White Collar Crimes in India”, International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research, Vol.1 Issue 9, September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630, (www.indianresearchjournals.com)
Nagindrappa, M. and M.K.R. (2013), “Women Exploitation in Indian modern society”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013, ISSN 2250-3153, www.ijsrp.org
Prasad, K. (2013), “A Comparison of Victim-Reported and Police-Recorded Crime in India”, Economic & Political Weekly, August 17, 2013, vol XLVIII, no 33.
Shaban, A. (2008), “Ghettoisation, Crime and Punishment in Mumbai”, Economic & Political Weekly, august 16, 2008 (shaban@tiss.edu)
Sharma, S. (2012), “Hate crimes in India: an economic analysis of violence and atrocities against scheduled castes and scheduled tribes”, Centre of Development Economics, Department of economics Delhi school of economics. Working paper 213. 2012.
Wani, S. (2014), “Children, Rights and the Law: An Empirical Study of Deprivation of Rights and Humane Treatment of Juveniles in Conflict with Law in India” The 6th International Conference of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO)", 3-4 December 2014, Brussels (Belgium).
Al-Azad MAS, Raman Z, Ahmad M, Wahab MA, Ali M & Khalil MI. (2011). Socio-demographic characteristics of alleged sexual assault (rape) cases in Dhaka city. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh,7(2), 21-4.
Alexander CS. (1980). The responsible victim: nurses' perceptions of victims of rape. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,21(1), 22-33.
Azikiwe N, Wright J, Cheng T & D’Angelo LJ. (2005). Management of rape victims (regarding STD treatment and pregnancy prevention): do academic emergency departments practice what they preach? Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(5), 446-8.
Bachman R & Paternoster RA. (1993).Contemporary look at the effects of rape law reform: how far have we really come? The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 84(3), 554-74.
Baxi P. (2000). Rape, retribution, state. On whose bodies? Economic and Political Weekly, 35(14), 1-7.
Boyer L & Dalton ME. (1997). Female victims of rape and their genital injuries. BJOG. 104(5), 617-20.
Burt MR. (1980).Cultural myths and supports for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 217-30.
Caprioli, M. (2005). Primed for violence: the role of gender inequality in predicting internal conflict. International Studies Quarterly; 49, 161-78.
Chandra M. (2012).Social profiling: the root causes of racial discrimination against NE. Paper presented at a UGC Sponsored National Seminar on Gender and Racial Discrimination: the Paradigm of Women’s Vulnerability. Imphal, Manipur. Retrieved from: http://nehelpline.net/?p=702
Clay-Warner J & Burt CH. (2005).Rape reporting after reforms-have times really changed? Violence Against Women, 11(2), 150-76.
Cohen ML, Garofalo R, Boucher R &Seghorn T. (1971). The psychology of rapists. Seminars in Psychiatry, 3(3), 307-27.
Crime in India. New Delhi: National Crime Records Bureau; 2011 Retrieved from: http://ncrb.nic.in/
Dasgupta SD. (1996). Feminist consciousness in women centreed Hindi films. The Journal of Popular Culture, 30(1), 173-89.
Drieschner K & Lange A. (1999). A review of cognitive factors in the etiology of rape: theories, empirical studies, and implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(1), 57-77.
Frazier PA & Haney B. (1986). Sexual assault cases in the legal system: police, prosecutor, and victim perspectives. Law and Human Behavior, 20(6), 607-28.
Golden DM. (2004). It’s not all in my head. The harm of rape and Prison Litigation Reforms Act. Cardozo Women’s Law Journal,11(37), 37-60.
Grammer K, Kruck K, Juette A & Fink B. (2000).Non-verbal behavior as courtship signals: the role of control and choice in selecting partners. Evolution & Human Behaviour, 21(6), 371-90.
Green JL. (2004).Uncovering collective rape: a comparative study of political sexual violence. International Journal of Sociology, 34(1), 97-116.
Harris A & Hanson R. (2004). Sex offender recidivism: A simple question 2004- 03.
Hauer Al &Armentrout JA. (1978). MMPIs of rapists of adults, rapists of children, and non-rapist sex offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34 (2), 330-2.
Hazelwood RR & Warren J. (1989).Serial rapist: his characteristics and victims (conclusion). FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 58(2), 18-25.
Hudson VM & Brinton CH. (2007).Women’s tears and international fears: is discrepant enforcement of national laws protecting women and girls related to discrepant enactment of international norms by Nation-States? Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, August 29-September 1, 2007.Retrieved from: http://womanstats.org/APSA07HudsonBrinton.pdf
Jain R, Mathur PN, Kothari NS &Mathur P. (2008). Medicolegal evaluation of sex assault cases admitted at Sardar Patel Medical College & P.B.M. Hospital, Bikaner. India Medico Legal Update, 8(1), 1-6.
Jordan J. (2001).Worlds apart? Women, rape and the police reporting process. Br J Criminol, 41(4), 679-706.
Kanekar S &Seksaria V. (2003). Acquaintance versus stranger rape: testing the ambiguity reduction hypothesis. European Journal of Social Psychology,23(5), 485-94.
Kaur P.(2011). Crime, Gender and Society in India. Higher Education of Social Science, 1(1), 24-32.
Khanna R. (2008).Communal violence in Gujarat, India: impact of sexual violence and responsibilities of the health care system. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31), 142-52.
Kishor S & Gupta K. (2009).Gender equality and women’s empowerment in India. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences.
MacDonald R. (2000). Time to talk about rape. If men remember that women are their mothers, daughters, and wives they may change their laws. BMJ, 321(7268), 1034-5.
McKibbin WF, Shackelford TK, Goetz AT & Starratt VG. (2008).Why do men rape? An evolutionary psychological perspective. Review of General Psychology, 12(1), 86-97.
Muehlenhard CL. (1988). Misinterpreted Dating Behaviours and the Risk of Date Rape. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 20-37.
Mukherjee C, Rustagi P &Krishnaji N. (2001). Crime against women in India: analysis of official statistics. Economic and Political Weekly, 36(43), 4070-80.
Mukhopadhyay P, Partha P, Karmakar RN, Sarkar D, Chattrejee S & Nigam MK. (2010). Decadal change in pattern and demography of female victims of sex offence examined at Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India: myth versus reality. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 4(1), 31-5.
Naidu TKK & Yadav M. (2007). Study of crime against women: role of forensic medicine. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 29(1), 38-41.
Prison Statistics in India: National Crime Records Bureau, 2011
Nepram B. (2010). Gender-based violence in conflict zones -case study of impact of ongoing armed conflict, small arms proliferation and women’s response in India’s northeast.
Rennison CA. (2002). Rape and sexual assault: Reporting to police and medical attention, 1992-2000 [NCJ 194530]. Retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/rsarp00.pdf
Study of the Secretary General (2006) ‘Ending Violence Against women’ UN Publications No. E.06.IV.8. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/VAW_Study/VAWstudyE.pdf
Sahu G, Mohanty S & Das JK. (2005). Vulnerable victims of sexual assault. Med. Sci. Law, 45(3), 256-60.
Sanday PR. (1981).The socio-cultural context of rape: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Issues, 37(4), 5-27.
Saumya U. (2012). Rights of adolescent girls in India: a critical look at laws and policies. Mumbai: Vacha Publications.
Scully D & Maroll J. (1985).‘Riding the bull at Gilley's’: convicted rapists describe the rewards of rape. Social Problems, 32(3), 251-63.
Sharlach L. (2000). Rape as genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda. New Political Science, 22(1), 89-102.
SOCIC Scale (2011) Retrieved from: http://vmrhudson.org/socic.html
The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women’s Human Rights 1995. Human Rights Watch, Retrieved from http://www.wwda.org.au/hrwgolbalrept1.pdf
Verma JS, Seth L & Subramanium G. (2013). Report of the Committee on Amendments to Criminal Law.

Published
Series
Categories
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.