India's landscape and climate are remarkably diverse. India is a peninsula that protrudes from the massive Eurasian continent. India's climate varies from tropical to subtropical to moderate. The northern section of India is in the temperate zone, whereas the rest of the country is tropical. The southern shores of India experience a typical tropical monsoon climate due to the influence of the Indian Ocean and its branches, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CLIMATE OF INDIA

1. Location and Latitudinal Extent: The Tropic of Cancer runs roughly east-west through the heart of India. India's climate zones are divided thusly, with the subtropical and temperate north and the tropical south. Being closer to the equator, the tropical zone has consistently high temperatures with minimal seasonal variation. Because of its distance from the equator, the region north of the Tropic of Cancer has a climate that varies greatly both daily and annually.
2. Distance from the Sea: The Indian peninsula is surrounded by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which moderate the climate in those places. The interior regions of India, far from the ocean's moderating impact, experience climate extremes. Because of this, the average yearly temperature change in Kochi is around 3 degrees Celsius, but in Delhi it might reach 20 degrees.
3. The Himalayas: The Himalayas shield India from the harsh winter winds that blow from Central Asia. Additionally, these mountains prevent the rainy south-west monsoon winds from entering India from the north because of their physical obstruction. The Himalayas separate the warmer climates of the Indian Subcontinent from those of Central Asia.
4. Physiography: India's weather is heavily influenced by the country's physical layout. Ooty is an example of a place in southern India that benefits from its elevation by having a mild climate year-round. Similarly, while both Agra and Darjeeling are situated on the same latitude, Agra experiences a comfortable 16°C in January while Darjeeling experiences a chilly 4°C. The wind's velocity and direction, as well as the total and spatial distribution of precipitation, are all influenced by India's topography. During the months of June through September, heavy rain falls on the exposed sides of the Western Ghats and Assam, while the leeward southern plateau remains dry. Cherrapunji valley's unique physiography makes it the wettest spot on the planet.
5. Monsoon Winds: India's climate is typically referred to as the Monsoon Climate since the "Monsoonwinds" are the single most influential factor in the country's weather. The entire country receives precipitation throughout the summer from the south-west monsoons that originate in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. With the exception of the Coromandel coast, the northeastern winter monsoons do not provide significant rainfall after gathering up moisture from the Bay of Bengal as they move from land to sea.