In today’s rapidly evolving digital age, the convergence of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning (ML) is reshaping the global industrial landscape and altering how individuals, businesses, and governments interact with information systems. Chapter 1 offers a foundational understanding of these three transformative technologies, elucidating their core principles, interdependencies, historical development, and multifaceted applications. This chapter sets the tone for grasping the broader implications of technological advancement and digital innovation in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.