There are several theories but more prominent among them are:
Type Theory
Type theories place personalities into clearly identifiable categories. Classification into types is the beginning of most sciences-types of rocks, kinds of plants and so on. Thus, it is not surprising that the first student of human nature try to classify kinds of people. In type theories relationship was sought to be established between features of face or body and personality. Classification of personalities on body basis is subjective. Type theories are simple and popular but carry no substances. The second basis to type personalities is psychological factors. One of the Freud’s pupils, the Swiss psychologists Carl Jung, divided all personalities into introverts and extroverts. These terms are normally associated with an individual’s sociability and interpersonal orientation. Extroverts are gregarious, sociable individuals, while introverts are shy, quiet and retiring. Thus, type theories, body or psychological, though appealing as they provide a simple way of looking at personality, fail to reveal all complexities of personality.
Personality theories attempt to explain the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make up an individual's personality. Here are various theories of personality:
Psychodynamic Theory:
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the role of unconscious desires and early childhood experiences in shaping personality. It includes concepts like id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms, and the stages of psychosexual development.
Humanistic Theory:
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory posits that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, which refers to fulfilling one's potential and becoming the best version of oneself.
Carl Rogers' person-centered theory highlights the importance of self-concept and the need for unconditional positive regard and empathy from others for personal growth.